The Difference between Traditional and New Law Enforcement Strategies Essay Example for Free

The Difference between Traditional and New Law Enforcement Strategies Essay Professor Maia Jefferson The law enforcement community plays an important role in our day-to-day lives. They are not only tasked with enforcing the laws, but they are also tasked with helping out the community in various ways. What happens when the traditional model of law enforcement is changed? Will there be any resistance from certain divisions of the police force? What will be the major factor for the success of a new program, if implemented? Under the traditional law enforcement model, officers are tasked with responsibilities such as patrolling the streets and reporting broken sidewalks, potholes, street, and traffic lights that need to be replaced. Under the new program called â€Å"Employing Creative Closure Strategies,† patrolling officers work with sergeants and lieutenants to review crime data and come up with the best solution to problems. In doing this, it allows officers to display their expertise in areas such as criminal investigation, traffic enforcement, drug suppression, and routine patrol. With any organization, change is going to come with resistance. Some of the major resistance would most likely come from senior members of the force. These members that have been around for awhile have probably seen many leaders want to â€Å"make their mark† by implementing their own ideas. These skeptics have probably accepted the idea that certain divisions are specialized in the area of expertise and that changing the way that they operate would disrupt the tempo of the force. However, most people agree that change is a good thing and can lead to improvement within the police force. The new changes would no doubt endure opposition on some levels, but there would also be many who would support them. The supporters would most likely be the officers that are directly affected by the changes. By allowing patrolling officers to work directly with investigators, the police officers would feel more important and more connected with the community. Moreover, the actual responsibility of investigations will be shared among the patrolling officers and the investigation team. The collaboration of these two units will not only save time, but also money. The success rate for the â€Å"Employing Creative Closure Strategies† program has been proven more effective than the traditional patrolling methods. The change held individual officers accountable for investigating and resolving crimes in their patrol area, which played a major role in their success. (Johnson, 1997) Productivity and case closure rates began to rise, proving that the patrol officers were capable of assuming more responsibility. After 14 months, the number of cases that were solved increased dramatically. The new program â€Å"Employing Creative Closure Strategies† has proven to be a step towards improving the way law enforcement patrols. With any change comes disbelievers, yet there is always room for improvement. The ultimate goal of law enforcement is to protect the community and its citizens. By implementing the new system, there will be an increased level of security and an opportunity for police officers to learn from each other by taking on more responsibility. Bibliography Johnson, R. A. (1997, November). Integrated Patrol: Combining Aggressive Enforcement and Community Policing. Retrieved from Federal Bureau of Investigation web site: www. fbi. gov

No reader of The Woman in Black, can be left in doubt about its conscious :: Free Essay Writer

No reader of The Woman in Black, can be left in doubt about its conscious evocation of the Gothic ‘No reader of ‘The Woman in Black’, can be left in doubt about its conscious evocation of the Gothic. It is full of motifs and effects associated with that genre.’ How far would you agree with this statement of the novel? There is absolutely no doubt that Susan Hill consciously evocates the Gothic in ‘The Woman in Black’. There are many obvious conventions she uses that create a great Gothic effect throughout the novel. It is clear that this novel contains most of the elements that constitute the genre, for example, an eerie atmosphere full of mystery and suspense, and a character feeling high or overwrought emotions. This concludes the novel into a sub-genre of the Gothic, a ghost story. The Gothic has been active since the eighteenth century; the genre was especially popular within the years of The French Revolution and The Great Terror, which fell between 1789 and the 1790’s. The Gothic can also be traced back to the original Goths, who were believed to have been around in the last days of the Roman Empire. However, there is no substantial proof as the Goths left almost no written records, and were mostly unheard of until the ‘first Gothic revival’ in the late eighteenth century. In Britain this revival involved a series of attempts to ‘return to roots’, in contrast to the classical model revered in the earlier eighteenth century. It is believed that the very first Gothic novel was invented solely by Horace Walpole, when he wrote ‘The Castle of Otranto’ in 1764. This novel was imitated throughout the following centuries because it contains essentially all the elements that comprise the Gothic genre. It is also believed to have influenced writing, poetry and film making to the present day. Other key Gothic novelists of this period that would also have contributed to this influence are Mary Shelly, the author of Frankenstein, which has had many film adaptations within the last century produced from it. And also Bram Stoker who wrote Dracula, which I think has an influence in ‘The Woman in Black’ as the narrator ‘Arthur Kipps’, has many similar characteristics to the narrator of Dracula, ‘Jonathan Harker’, such as them both being portrayed as commonsensical, rational, successful lawyers on a mission to single-handedly unravel the mystery they’re faced with. Ann Radcliff’s idea of Gothic horror has also clearly influenced ‘The Woman in Black’ too, because we notice our narrator on several occasions, contracts, freezes and is nearly annihilated by some unknown supernatural force. Arthur’s first encounter with The Woman in

Retribution Theology

God delivered the children of Israel out of the Egyptian’s abusive hands and gave them the Ten Commandments. These rules were given to live by and form an everlasting relationship with their God. But, if they failed to keep their end of the bargain, God would have to punish them. Retribution theology is the belief that those who are obedient to God are called righteous and will be blessed, while those that are disobedient are wicked and will be cursed (Tullock 2006). From the beginning of Exodus and beyond the Babylonian Exile, retribution theology was prevalent in the lives of Israel. The Old Testament writings reiterate God’s faithfulness towards Israel. â€Å"The Old Testament indicates that God’s law was specially revealed to Israel in the context of His redeeming and delivering His people from bondage,† (Bahnsen 1980). But before Moses, God established an unconditional covenant with Abram when he obeyed Him. God changed Abram’s name to Abraham and told him that his descendants would possess the land of Canaan forever. â€Å"I will make of you a great nation, and I will bless you, and make your name great, so that you will be a blessing. † (Genesis 12:2, NRSV). These descendants became known as Israel and after 500 years of being God’s chosen people, they became the slaves of the Egyptians. Since God is faithful and Israel was His people, He had to remove them from the oppression of Pharaoh. In a theophany, God appeared to Moses in a burning bush and commissioned him to deliver the children of Israel. Once God freed them and provided them an escape route, under the leadership of Moses, He endowed them with the law and His blessings. â€Å"Now therefore, if you obey my voice and keep my covenant, you shall be my treasured possession out of all the peoples. (Exodus 19:5, NRSV). After freeing them, God provided them with the means for remaining freed and receiving His provisions. In spite of their deliverance, the Israelites’ problems did not end with their exodus from Egypt. They suffered many trials and tribulations, but from the hand of the God who had promised to bless them (Deffinbaugh 1976). Because of their murmuring, com plaining, and unbelief, God allowed Israel to walk around in the wilderness for forty years. This was literally only a three day journey. In addition, God never intended for Israel to have to fight their way into the Promised Land; He wanted them to have faith and obey Him. Again, because of their disobedience, God allowed them to suffer the consequences of sin. God called Israel to be righteous before Him. Righteousness was what the people were to be and to do because of God. It meant to be in the right relationship with God, and to act accordingly in the world based on that moral relationship. He blessed Israel out of His love and cursed out of His righteousness or holiness (Deffinbaugh 1976). To be righteous was to have the teaching of God in one’s heart, to know and to understand the things of God. While the term could be used to describe ethical actions in the world, the primary focus of righteousness was toward God, what the people were in relation to God. Righteousness was the people’s relationship to God based on the fact, that â€Å"I am your God. † Therefore, God felt that He had every right to curse them when they were disobedient to His covenant. The first commandment God gave Israel was to have no other gods before Him because He was the one true God. Clearly, God knew and acknowledged that there were other gods or objects the people in that time worshipped. But He had proven to the Hebrew people that He was their deliverer, provider, and their God. The second commandment said not to make for themselves any type of idol, that God was jealous, and that He showed mercy to those that loved Him and kept His commandments. Now, He revealed His nature and how He was to be honored. It was only right, just and honorable that they worshipped and obeyed Him. There did not seem to be any secrets or mysteries on what God expected from Israel. But, Israel just could not stop worshipping idols. They continued to worship Baal, the god of sun, rain, thunder, fertility, and agriculture despite the prophets’ warnings. Many prophets such as Ezekiel, Daniel, Hosea, Amos, and Micah warned Israel of their wickedness and the consequences. When Israel became a nation, God’s law of righteousness did not change. He still expected them to obey His word. God’s national blessings and cursings were conditional as well. If a nation repented of its sin and turned to God, its threatened judgment could be prevented. If a nation turned from God, its promised blessings would be taken away. Many forms of divine retribution can fall on a human life which is worse than immediate death. In fact, Jeremiah made just such a complaint about the punishment inflicted on Jerusalem (Lam. 4:6, 9). One might think also of King Saul, whose last days were burdened with such mental and emotional turmoil that death itself was a kind of release. 10:30-31. No one should regard such a warning as an idle threat. God Himself has claimed the right to take vengeance and to judge His people. In saying this, the author quoted twice from Deuteronomy (32:35-36), a chapter which most vividly evokes the picture of God’s people suffering His retributive judgments (cf. esp. Deut. 32:19-27). Those familiar with this text, as well as other descriptions of God’s wrath against â€Å"His people,† agree: it is a dreadful thing to fall into the hands of the living God. Not only did God operate in that manner of retribution theology, but Israel believed that if you obeyed the law, you would prosper. If you didn’t obey the law, you would suffer.

The Scientific Method - 4542 Words

Learning Goal: To understand how the scientific method can be used to search for explanations of nature. The scientific method is a procedure used to search for explanations of nature. The scientific method consists of making observations, formulating hypotheses, designing and carrying out experiments, and repeating this cycle. Observations can be either quantitative or qualitative. Quantitative observations are measurements consisting of both numbers and units, such as the observation that ice melts at . In contrast, qualitative observations are observations that do not rely on numbers or units, such as the observation that water is clear. A hypothesis is a tentative explanation of the observations. The hypothesis is not necessarily†¦show more content†¦4. Compounds are formed when atoms of more than one element combine; a given compound always has the same relative number and kind of atoms. Scientists later discovered isotopes, which showed that the second postulate was no t entirely true. Consider two different compounds of carbon and oxygen: carbon dioxide, , and carbon monoxide, . The number of oxygen atoms per carbon atom in is double the number of oxygen atoms per carbon atom in . So we can predict that the mass of oxygen per gram of carbon in is double the mass of oxygen per gram of carbon in . And, in fact, if other carbon-oxygen compounds existed, we could predict small, whole-number ratios for the masses of oxygen per gram of carbon in all of them. This is exactly what John Dalton predicted for compounds using his atomic theory of matter. It came to be known as the law of multiple proportions The periodic table is a list of elements arranged by atomic number olumns in the periodic table are called groups, and the rows are called periods. Notice that the groups are labeled 1 to 18 and the periods are labeled 1 to 7. Groups 1, 2, and 13 to 18 are called the main group elements, groups 3 to 12 are the transition elements, and the bottom two row s are called the lanthanides and actinides, respectively. This table gives properties and alternate names for some of the groups: Group | Name | Properties | 1 | Alkali metals | React to form 1+ ions. | 2 | AlkalineShow MoreRelatedThe Scientific Method Of Scientific Methods1015 Words   |  5 Pages Research Methods Paper The Scientific method is a procedure that consists of systematic observation measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of the hypothesis. Scientific methods are what are done to see the outcome of an experiment before they decide to use it on a real human. A Scientific method is a research that helps people to develop good programs that will help in the long run. The Scientific method is a method that is used to figure outRead MoreThe Scientific Method Of Scientific Methods1387 Words   |  6 PagesThe Scientific Method The scientific method has been used for centuries to create a structured and concrete way to study a question. When looking at it from a psychology stand point, the scientific method allows psychologists to formulate a way to study and make sense of human nature and support their â€Å"haunches and plausible sounding theories†(Myers, 2010). Within the scientific method a theory is formed by everyday observations. It predicts behaviors or possible outcomes. Next a hypothesis mustRead MoreScientific Method And Scientific Methods3048 Words   |  13 Pagesknowledge, or interpret and correct past knowledge, is referred to as scientific method. In order to be termed as scientific, a method involved in enquiry is usually based on measurable or empirical evidence (Karl, 2004). This is subject to precise reasoning principles. 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Then, through repeatedRead MoreThe Steps Of Scientific Method843 Words   |  4 Pages The scientific method is when you have a specific problem and you go through steps to try and solve your problem. The steps of scientific method are develop a theory, check and analyze your theory, explain your hypothesis, and prove your hypothesis. Whether that hypothesis could be wrong, you can still change it. That is the best thing about theories, hypothesis, and the scientific method. An example of the scientific method is my automobile does not crank. I would check for gas because if there